Adolescence is a turbulent time of rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. Teens are gaining independence just as their brains and bodies are changing, which can create “landmines” of stress. Common adolescent challenges include mood swings, identity exploration, peer pressure, and school demands. It can be hard to tell “teen angst” from clinical problems: for example, prolonged moodiness accompanied by other warning signs (like loss of interest or withdrawal) may indicate depression or anxiety. Risky behaviors – such as substance use, unsafe sex, or running away – often surface in troubled teens and may signal underlying issues like trauma, anxiety, depression, or ADHD.
Warning Signs
Look for sudden or sustained changes in behavior. This might include loss of interest in hobbies, withdrawing from friends or family, dramatic changes in sleep or appetite, or intense mood swings. Other red flags are frequent anger or defiance, noticeable weight change or neglect of appearance, excessive secrecy, or signs of self-harm (cutting) or substance abuse. For instance, a teen who begins skipping school, stays up all night, and uses drugs may be coping with undiagnosed depression or trauma.
Common Issues
Bullying and social media pressures can cause anxiety or low self-esteem. Identity questions (including LGBTQ+ issues or cultural identity) often arise. Family conflict (divorce, high expectations) can trigger acting-out. Learning difficulties or ADHD can lead to school struggles. For example, a teen feeling bullied at school might develop social anxiety and refuse to attend, or an adolescent facing discrimination due to their heritage might experience deep sadness or anger.
How Therapy Helps
Therapy for adolescents often involves both the teen and their family. Parents may need guidance on setting healthy boundaries and communication, while teens learn coping skills. Schools, peer relationships, and home life are considered together. With support, many teens learn to navigate this developmental stage more smoothly, improving relationships and mental health. Parents are encouraged to seek help early if problems persist beyond normal teenage fluctuations.
Modalities that can help with adolescent challenges:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
Trauma-Focused Therapy
Multicultural Counseling
Family Systems Therapy
Solution-Focused Therapy
Play Therapy
Internal Family Systems (IFS)
